Wat Phra Sri Rattanasadaram, commonly known as Wat Phra Kaew (Temple of the Emerald Buddha), is a temple within the Grand Palace complex. Similar in style to Wat Phra Sri Sanphet in the ancient Ayutthaya palace, it is currently under the care of the Royal Household Bureau, through the Office of Wat Phra Sri Rattanasadaram (formerly the Office of the Royal Treasury), a name changed after the transfer of matters related to royal assets to a newly established agency of the same name (formerly the Crown Property Bureau). King Rama I (Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok) commissioned the construction of Wat Phra Sri Rattanasadaram concurrently with the construction of the Grand Palace and the establishment of the Rattanakosin Kingdom in 1782. His intention was for it to house the Phra Phuttha Maha Mani Ratana Patimakor (Emerald Buddha), as well as to serve as a place for royal merit-making ceremonies on various occasions. Wat Phra Sri Rattanasadaram is a non-residential temple, as it comprises only a Buddha worship area and no monastic quarters. Within Wat Phra Sri Rattanasadaram, the important buildings are divided into three groups: the main chapel (Ubosot), which is the most significant group. The main building of this group is the Ubosot (main chapel), which houses the Phra Phuttha Maha Mani Ratana Patimakor (Emerald Buddha), surrounded by Sala Rai (side pavilions), Phra Bodhi That Phiman (Bodhi Relic Pavilion), Ho Phra Ratchaphongsanu Sorn (Royal Ancestral Memorial Hall), Ho Phra Ratchakramanu Sorn (Royal Memorial Hall), the bell tower, and Ho Phra Kanthararat (Gantarical Hall). The second group is the Than Phaethi group, consisting of buildings situated on large raised platforms in the northern courtyard of the Ubosot group, supporting important sacred sites and objects such as the Phra Mondop (pavilion), Phra Sri Ratana Chedi (Royal Pagoda), Prasat Phra Thep Bidon (Royal Palace), Phra Suwannachedi (Golden Pagoda), and the Royal Monument. The third group is the ancillary buildings, comprising Ho Phra Nak (Royal Pavilion), Phra Saewetkuta Karavihara Yod (White Crowned Vihara), and Ho Montien Tham (Royal Hall of Dharma). The eight-tiered pagoda, the guardian giants, and the murals on the cloister, comprising 178 panels arranged consecutively along all four walls, depict scenes from the Ramakien epic. The name "Phra Sri Rattana Sasadaram" is a compound word formed from "Sri Rattana Sasada" and "Aram." "Sri Rattana Sasada" refers to an honorific title bestowed upon the Lord Buddha, signifying his supreme virtues and the jewel of the Triple Gem (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha).
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